Update to Fedora 39, newer toolchains, add Linux arm64

Syncs with the config of the current `main` branch (as used for 4.2+)
as far as possible (backports the last couple of years of PRs, minus
the removal of some platforms and of the Mono builds).

Notably backports #128 and #131, giving us these toolchains:

- Base image: Fedora 39
- Mono version: 6.12.0.198
- SCons: 4.5.2
- Linux: GCC 13.2.0 built against glibc 2.28, binutils 2.40, from our own [Linux SDK](https://github.com/godotengine/buildroot)
- Windows: MinGW 11.0.0, GCC 13.2.1, binutils 2.40
- HTML5: Emscripten 3.1.39 (standard builds), Emscripten 1.39.9 (Mono builds)
- Android: Android NDK 23.2.8568313, build-tools 33.0.2, platform android-33, CMake 3.22.1, JDK 11
- macOS: Xcode 15.0 with Apple Clang (LLVM 16.0.0), MacOSX SDK 14.0
- iOS: Xcode 15.0 with Apple Clang (LLVM 16.0.0), iPhoneOS SDK 17.0
- UWP: Unchanged, current Dockerfile still unsupported

Dockerfile.javascript

@@ -3,15 +3,10 @@ FROM godot-mono:${img_version}
 
 ARG mono_version
 
-ENV EMSCRIPTEN_CLASSICAL=3.1.14
+ENV EMSCRIPTEN_CLASSICAL=3.1.39
 ENV EMSCRIPTEN_MONO=1.39.9
 
-RUN if [ -z "${mono_version}" ]; then printf "\n\nArgument mono_version is mandatory!\n\n"; exit 1; fi && \
-    # We need to downgrade to autoconf 2.69 from F35 as autoconf 2.71 from F36 breaks `--host wasm32`.
-    dnf -y install --setopt=install_weak_deps=False \
-      https://kojipkgs.fedoraproject.org//packages/autoconf/2.69/37.fc35/noarch/autoconf-2.69-37.fc35.noarch.rpm \
-      https://kojipkgs.fedoraproject.org//packages/automake/1.16.2/5.fc35/noarch/automake-1.16.2-5.fc35.noarch.rpm && \
-    git clone --branch ${EMSCRIPTEN_CLASSICAL} --progress https://github.com/emscripten-core/emsdk emsdk_${EMSCRIPTEN_CLASSICAL} && \
+RUN git clone --branch ${EMSCRIPTEN_CLASSICAL} --progress https://github.com/emscripten-core/emsdk emsdk_${EMSCRIPTEN_CLASSICAL} && \
     cp -r emsdk_${EMSCRIPTEN_CLASSICAL} emsdk_${EMSCRIPTEN_MONO} && \
     emsdk_${EMSCRIPTEN_CLASSICAL}/emsdk install ${EMSCRIPTEN_CLASSICAL} && \
     emsdk_${EMSCRIPTEN_CLASSICAL}/emsdk activate ${EMSCRIPTEN_CLASSICAL} && \