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479 lines
22 KiB
ReStructuredText
479 lines
22 KiB
ReStructuredText
:github_url: hide
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.. DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE!!!
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.. Generated automatically from Godot engine sources.
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.. Generator: https://github.com/godotengine/godot/tree/master/doc/tools/make_rst.py.
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.. XML source: https://github.com/godotengine/godot/tree/master/doc/classes/Callable.xml.
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.. _class_Callable:
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Callable
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========
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A built-in type representing a method or a standalone function.
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.. rst-class:: classref-introduction-group
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Description
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-----------
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**Callable** is a built-in :ref:`Variant<class_Variant>` type that represents a function. It can either be a method within an :ref:`Object<class_Object>` instance, or a standalone function not related to any object, like a lambda function. Like all :ref:`Variant<class_Variant>` types, it can be stored in variables and passed to other functions. It is most commonly used for signal callbacks.
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\ **Example:**\
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.. tabs::
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.. code-tab:: gdscript
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func print_args(arg1, arg2, arg3 = ""):
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prints(arg1, arg2, arg3)
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func test():
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var callable = Callable(self, "print_args")
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callable.call("hello", "world") # Prints "hello world ".
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callable.call(Vector2.UP, 42, callable) # Prints "(0, -1) 42 Node(node.gd)::print_args".
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callable.call("invalid") # Invalid call, should have at least 2 arguments.
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.. code-tab:: csharp
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// Default parameter values are not supported.
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public void PrintArgs(Variant arg1, Variant arg2, Variant arg3 = default)
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{
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GD.PrintS(arg1, arg2, arg3);
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}
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public void Test()
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{
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// Invalid calls fail silently.
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Callable callable = new Callable(this, MethodName.PrintArgs);
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callable.Call("hello", "world"); // Default parameter values are not supported, should have 3 arguments.
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callable.Call(Vector2.Up, 42, callable); // Prints "(0, -1) 42 Node(Node.cs)::PrintArgs".
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callable.Call("invalid"); // Invalid call, should have 3 arguments.
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}
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In GDScript, it's possible to create lambda functions within a method. Lambda functions are custom callables that are not associated with an :ref:`Object<class_Object>` instance. Optionally, lambda functions can also be named. The name will be displayed in the debugger, or when calling :ref:`get_method<class_Callable_method_get_method>`.
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::
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func _init():
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var my_lambda = func (message):
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print(message)
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# Prints Hello everyone!
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my_lambda.call("Hello everyone!")
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# Prints "Attack!", when the button_pressed signal is emitted.
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button_pressed.connect(func(): print("Attack!"))
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\ **Note:** Methods of native types such as :ref:`Signal<class_Signal>`, :ref:`Array<class_Array>`, or :ref:`Dictionary<class_Dictionary>` are not of type **Callable** in order to avoid unnecessary overhead. If you need to pass those methods as **Callable**, use a lambda function as a wrapper.
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::
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func _init():
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var my_dictionary = { "hello": "world" }
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# This will not work, `clear` is not a callable.
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create_tween().tween_callback(my_dictionary.clear)
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# This will work, as lambdas are custom callables.
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create_tween().tween_callback(func(): my_dictionary.clear())
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.. note::
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There are notable differences when using this API with C#. See :ref:`doc_c_sharp_differences` for more information.
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.. rst-class:: classref-reftable-group
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Constructors
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------------
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.. table::
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:widths: auto
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+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`Callable<class_Callable>` | :ref:`Callable<class_Callable_constructor_Callable>` **(** **)** |
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+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`Callable<class_Callable>` | :ref:`Callable<class_Callable_constructor_Callable>` **(** :ref:`Callable<class_Callable>` from **)** |
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+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`Callable<class_Callable>` | :ref:`Callable<class_Callable_constructor_Callable>` **(** :ref:`Object<class_Object>` object, :ref:`StringName<class_StringName>` method **)** |
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+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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.. rst-class:: classref-reftable-group
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Methods
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-------
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.. table::
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:widths: auto
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+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`Callable<class_Callable>` | :ref:`bind<class_Callable_method_bind>` **(** ... **)** |vararg| |const| |
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+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`Callable<class_Callable>` | :ref:`bindv<class_Callable_method_bindv>` **(** :ref:`Array<class_Array>` arguments **)** |
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+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`Variant<class_Variant>` | :ref:`call<class_Callable_method_call>` **(** ... **)** |vararg| |const| |
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+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| void | :ref:`call_deferred<class_Callable_method_call_deferred>` **(** ... **)** |vararg| |const| |
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+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`Variant<class_Variant>` | :ref:`callv<class_Callable_method_callv>` **(** :ref:`Array<class_Array>` arguments **)** |const| |
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+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`Array<class_Array>` | :ref:`get_bound_arguments<class_Callable_method_get_bound_arguments>` **(** **)** |const| |
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+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`int<class_int>` | :ref:`get_bound_arguments_count<class_Callable_method_get_bound_arguments_count>` **(** **)** |const| |
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+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`StringName<class_StringName>` | :ref:`get_method<class_Callable_method_get_method>` **(** **)** |const| |
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+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`Object<class_Object>` | :ref:`get_object<class_Callable_method_get_object>` **(** **)** |const| |
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+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`int<class_int>` | :ref:`get_object_id<class_Callable_method_get_object_id>` **(** **)** |const| |
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+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`int<class_int>` | :ref:`hash<class_Callable_method_hash>` **(** **)** |const| |
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+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`bool<class_bool>` | :ref:`is_custom<class_Callable_method_is_custom>` **(** **)** |const| |
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+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`bool<class_bool>` | :ref:`is_null<class_Callable_method_is_null>` **(** **)** |const| |
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+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`bool<class_bool>` | :ref:`is_standard<class_Callable_method_is_standard>` **(** **)** |const| |
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+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`bool<class_bool>` | :ref:`is_valid<class_Callable_method_is_valid>` **(** **)** |const| |
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+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| void | :ref:`rpc<class_Callable_method_rpc>` **(** ... **)** |vararg| |const| |
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+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| void | :ref:`rpc_id<class_Callable_method_rpc_id>` **(** :ref:`int<class_int>` peer_id, ... **)** |vararg| |const| |
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+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`Callable<class_Callable>` | :ref:`unbind<class_Callable_method_unbind>` **(** :ref:`int<class_int>` argcount **)** |const| |
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+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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.. rst-class:: classref-reftable-group
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Operators
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---------
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.. table::
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:widths: auto
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+-------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`bool<class_bool>` | :ref:`operator !=<class_Callable_operator_neq_Callable>` **(** :ref:`Callable<class_Callable>` right **)** |
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+-------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`bool<class_bool>` | :ref:`operator ==<class_Callable_operator_eq_Callable>` **(** :ref:`Callable<class_Callable>` right **)** |
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+-------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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.. rst-class:: classref-section-separator
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----
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.. rst-class:: classref-descriptions-group
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Constructor Descriptions
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------------------------
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.. _class_Callable_constructor_Callable:
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.. rst-class:: classref-constructor
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:ref:`Callable<class_Callable>` **Callable** **(** **)**
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Constructs an empty **Callable**, with no object nor method bound.
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. rst-class:: classref-constructor
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:ref:`Callable<class_Callable>` **Callable** **(** :ref:`Callable<class_Callable>` from **)**
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Constructs a **Callable** as a copy of the given **Callable**.
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. rst-class:: classref-constructor
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:ref:`Callable<class_Callable>` **Callable** **(** :ref:`Object<class_Object>` object, :ref:`StringName<class_StringName>` method **)**
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Creates a new **Callable** for the method named ``method`` in the specified ``object``.
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.. rst-class:: classref-section-separator
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----
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.. rst-class:: classref-descriptions-group
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Method Descriptions
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-------------------
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.. _class_Callable_method_bind:
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.. rst-class:: classref-method
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:ref:`Callable<class_Callable>` **bind** **(** ... **)** |vararg| |const|
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Returns a copy of this **Callable** with one or more arguments bound. When called, the bound arguments are passed *after* the arguments supplied by :ref:`call<class_Callable_method_call>`. See also :ref:`unbind<class_Callable_method_unbind>`.
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\ **Note:** When this method is chained with other similar methods, the order in which the argument list is modified is read from right to left.
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. _class_Callable_method_bindv:
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.. rst-class:: classref-method
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:ref:`Callable<class_Callable>` **bindv** **(** :ref:`Array<class_Array>` arguments **)**
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Returns a copy of this **Callable** with one or more arguments bound, reading them from an array. When called, the bound arguments are passed *after* the arguments supplied by :ref:`call<class_Callable_method_call>`. See also :ref:`unbind<class_Callable_method_unbind>`.
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\ **Note:** When this method is chained with other similar methods, the order in which the argument list is modified is read from right to left.
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. _class_Callable_method_call:
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.. rst-class:: classref-method
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:ref:`Variant<class_Variant>` **call** **(** ... **)** |vararg| |const|
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Calls the method represented by this **Callable**. Arguments can be passed and should match the method's signature.
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. _class_Callable_method_call_deferred:
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.. rst-class:: classref-method
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void **call_deferred** **(** ... **)** |vararg| |const|
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Calls the method represented by this **Callable** in deferred mode, i.e. at the end of the current frame. Arguments can be passed and should match the method's signature.
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::
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func _ready():
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grab_focus.call_deferred()
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See also :ref:`Object.call_deferred<class_Object_method_call_deferred>`.
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. _class_Callable_method_callv:
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.. rst-class:: classref-method
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:ref:`Variant<class_Variant>` **callv** **(** :ref:`Array<class_Array>` arguments **)** |const|
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Calls the method represented by this **Callable**. Unlike :ref:`call<class_Callable_method_call>`, this method expects all arguments to be contained inside the ``arguments`` :ref:`Array<class_Array>`.
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. _class_Callable_method_get_bound_arguments:
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.. rst-class:: classref-method
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:ref:`Array<class_Array>` **get_bound_arguments** **(** **)** |const|
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Return the bound arguments (as long as :ref:`get_bound_arguments_count<class_Callable_method_get_bound_arguments_count>` is greater than zero), or empty (if :ref:`get_bound_arguments_count<class_Callable_method_get_bound_arguments_count>` is less than or equal to zero).
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. _class_Callable_method_get_bound_arguments_count:
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.. rst-class:: classref-method
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:ref:`int<class_int>` **get_bound_arguments_count** **(** **)** |const|
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Returns the total amount of arguments bound (or unbound) via successive :ref:`bind<class_Callable_method_bind>` or :ref:`unbind<class_Callable_method_unbind>` calls. If the amount of arguments unbound is greater than the ones bound, this function returns a value less than zero.
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. _class_Callable_method_get_method:
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.. rst-class:: classref-method
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:ref:`StringName<class_StringName>` **get_method** **(** **)** |const|
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Returns the name of the method represented by this **Callable**. If the callable is a GDScript lambda function, returns the function's name or ``"<anonymous lambda>"``.
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. _class_Callable_method_get_object:
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.. rst-class:: classref-method
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:ref:`Object<class_Object>` **get_object** **(** **)** |const|
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Returns the object on which this **Callable** is called.
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. _class_Callable_method_get_object_id:
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.. rst-class:: classref-method
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:ref:`int<class_int>` **get_object_id** **(** **)** |const|
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Returns the ID of this **Callable**'s object (see :ref:`Object.get_instance_id<class_Object_method_get_instance_id>`).
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. _class_Callable_method_hash:
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.. rst-class:: classref-method
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:ref:`int<class_int>` **hash** **(** **)** |const|
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Returns the 32-bit hash value of this **Callable**'s object.
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\ **Note:** **Callable**\ s with equal content will always produce identical hash values. However, the reverse is not true. Returning identical hash values does *not* imply the callables are equal, because different callables can have identical hash values due to hash collisions. The engine uses a 32-bit hash algorithm for :ref:`hash<class_Callable_method_hash>`.
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. _class_Callable_method_is_custom:
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.. rst-class:: classref-method
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:ref:`bool<class_bool>` **is_custom** **(** **)** |const|
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Returns ``true`` if this **Callable** is a custom callable. Custom callables are created from :ref:`bind<class_Callable_method_bind>` or :ref:`unbind<class_Callable_method_unbind>`. In GDScript, lambda functions are also custom callables.
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. _class_Callable_method_is_null:
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.. rst-class:: classref-method
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:ref:`bool<class_bool>` **is_null** **(** **)** |const|
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Returns ``true`` if this **Callable** has no target to call the method on.
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. _class_Callable_method_is_standard:
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.. rst-class:: classref-method
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:ref:`bool<class_bool>` **is_standard** **(** **)** |const|
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Returns ``true`` if this **Callable** is a standard callable. This method is the opposite of :ref:`is_custom<class_Callable_method_is_custom>`. Returns ``false`` if this callable is a lambda function.
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. _class_Callable_method_is_valid:
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.. rst-class:: classref-method
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:ref:`bool<class_bool>` **is_valid** **(** **)** |const|
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Returns ``true`` if the callable's object exists and has a valid method name assigned, or is a custom callable.
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. _class_Callable_method_rpc:
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.. rst-class:: classref-method
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void **rpc** **(** ... **)** |vararg| |const|
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Perform an RPC (Remote Procedure Call) on all connected peers. This is used for multiplayer and is normally not available, unless the function being called has been marked as *RPC* (using :ref:`@GDScript.@rpc<class_@GDScript_annotation_@rpc>` or :ref:`Node.rpc_config<class_Node_method_rpc_config>`). Calling this method on unsupported functions will result in an error. See :ref:`Node.rpc<class_Node_method_rpc>`.
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. _class_Callable_method_rpc_id:
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.. rst-class:: classref-method
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void **rpc_id** **(** :ref:`int<class_int>` peer_id, ... **)** |vararg| |const|
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Perform an RPC (Remote Procedure Call) on a specific peer ID (see multiplayer documentation for reference). This is used for multiplayer and is normally not available unless the function being called has been marked as *RPC* (using :ref:`@GDScript.@rpc<class_@GDScript_annotation_@rpc>` or :ref:`Node.rpc_config<class_Node_method_rpc_config>`). Calling this method on unsupported functions will result in an error. See :ref:`Node.rpc_id<class_Node_method_rpc_id>`.
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. _class_Callable_method_unbind:
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.. rst-class:: classref-method
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:ref:`Callable<class_Callable>` **unbind** **(** :ref:`int<class_int>` argcount **)** |const|
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Returns a copy of this **Callable** with a number of arguments unbound. In other words, when the new callable is called the last few arguments supplied by the user are ignored, according to ``argcount``. The remaining arguments are passed to the callable. This allows to use the original callable in a context that attempts to pass more arguments than this callable can handle, e.g. a signal with a fixed number of arguments. See also :ref:`bind<class_Callable_method_bind>`.
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\ **Note:** When this method is chained with other similar methods, the order in which the argument list is modified is read from right to left.
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::
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func _ready():
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foo.unbind(1).call(1, 2) # Calls foo(1).
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foo.bind(3, 4).unbind(1).call(1, 2) # Calls foo(1, 3, 4), note that it does not change the arguments from bind.
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.. rst-class:: classref-section-separator
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----
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.. rst-class:: classref-descriptions-group
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Operator Descriptions
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---------------------
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.. _class_Callable_operator_neq_Callable:
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.. rst-class:: classref-operator
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:ref:`bool<class_bool>` **operator !=** **(** :ref:`Callable<class_Callable>` right **)**
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Returns ``true`` if both **Callable**\ s invoke different targets.
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. _class_Callable_operator_eq_Callable:
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.. rst-class:: classref-operator
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:ref:`bool<class_bool>` **operator ==** **(** :ref:`Callable<class_Callable>` right **)**
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Returns ``true`` if both **Callable**\ s invoke the same custom target.
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.. |virtual| replace:: :abbr:`virtual (This method should typically be overridden by the user to have any effect.)`
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.. |const| replace:: :abbr:`const (This method has no side effects. It doesn't modify any of the instance's member variables.)`
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.. |vararg| replace:: :abbr:`vararg (This method accepts any number of arguments after the ones described here.)`
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.. |constructor| replace:: :abbr:`constructor (This method is used to construct a type.)`
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.. |static| replace:: :abbr:`static (This method doesn't need an instance to be called, so it can be called directly using the class name.)`
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.. |operator| replace:: :abbr:`operator (This method describes a valid operator to use with this type as left-hand operand.)`
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.. |bitfield| replace:: :abbr:`BitField (This value is an integer composed as a bitmask of the following flags.)`
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