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298 lines
16 KiB
ReStructuredText
298 lines
16 KiB
ReStructuredText
:github_url: hide
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.. _class_JSON:
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JSON
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====
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**繼承：** :ref:`Resource<class_Resource>` **<** :ref:`RefCounted<class_RefCounted>` **<** :ref:`Object<class_Object>`
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用於建立和解析 JSON 資料的輔助類。
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.. rst-class:: classref-introduction-group
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說明
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----
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The **JSON** class enables all data types to be converted to and from a JSON string. This is useful for serializing data, e.g. to save to a file or send over the network.
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\ :ref:`stringify()<class_JSON_method_stringify>` is used to convert any data type into a JSON string.
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\ :ref:`parse()<class_JSON_method_parse>` is used to convert any existing JSON data into a :ref:`Variant<class_Variant>` that can be used within Godot. If successfully parsed, use :ref:`data<class_JSON_property_data>` to retrieve the :ref:`Variant<class_Variant>`, and use :ref:`@GlobalScope.typeof()<class_@GlobalScope_method_typeof>` to check if the Variant's type is what you expect. JSON Objects are converted into a :ref:`Dictionary<class_Dictionary>`, but JSON data can be used to store :ref:`Array<class_Array>`\ s, numbers, :ref:`String<class_String>`\ s and even just a boolean.
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::
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var data_to_send = ["a", "b", "c"]
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var json_string = JSON.stringify(data_to_send)
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# Save data
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# ...
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# Retrieve data
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var json = JSON.new()
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var error = json.parse(json_string)
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if error == OK:
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var data_received = json.data
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if typeof(data_received) == TYPE_ARRAY:
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print(data_received) # Prints the array.
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else:
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print("Unexpected data")
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else:
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print("JSON Parse Error: ", json.get_error_message(), " in ", json_string, " at line ", json.get_error_line())
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Alternatively, you can parse strings using the static :ref:`parse_string()<class_JSON_method_parse_string>` method, but it doesn't handle errors.
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::
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var data = JSON.parse_string(json_string) # Returns null if parsing failed.
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\ **Note:** Both parse methods do not fully comply with the JSON specification:
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- Trailing commas in arrays or objects are ignored, instead of causing a parser error.
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- New line and tab characters are accepted in string literals, and are treated like their corresponding escape sequences ``\n`` and ``\t``.
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- Numbers are parsed using :ref:`String.to_float()<class_String_method_to_float>` which is generally more lax than the JSON specification.
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- Certain errors, such as invalid Unicode sequences, do not cause a parser error. Instead, the string is cleaned up and an error is logged to the console.
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.. rst-class:: classref-reftable-group
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屬性
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----
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.. table::
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:widths: auto
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+-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+----------+
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| :ref:`Variant<class_Variant>` | :ref:`data<class_JSON_property_data>` | ``null`` |
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+-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+----------+
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.. rst-class:: classref-reftable-group
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方法
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----
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.. table::
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:widths: auto
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+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`Variant<class_Variant>` | :ref:`from_native<class_JSON_method_from_native>`\ (\ variant\: :ref:`Variant<class_Variant>`, full_objects\: :ref:`bool<class_bool>` = false\ ) |static| |
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+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`int<class_int>` | :ref:`get_error_line<class_JSON_method_get_error_line>`\ (\ ) |const| |
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+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`String<class_String>` | :ref:`get_error_message<class_JSON_method_get_error_message>`\ (\ ) |const| |
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+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`String<class_String>` | :ref:`get_parsed_text<class_JSON_method_get_parsed_text>`\ (\ ) |const| |
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+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`Error<enum_@GlobalScope_Error>` | :ref:`parse<class_JSON_method_parse>`\ (\ json_text\: :ref:`String<class_String>`, keep_text\: :ref:`bool<class_bool>` = false\ ) |
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+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`Variant<class_Variant>` | :ref:`parse_string<class_JSON_method_parse_string>`\ (\ json_string\: :ref:`String<class_String>`\ ) |static| |
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+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`String<class_String>` | :ref:`stringify<class_JSON_method_stringify>`\ (\ data\: :ref:`Variant<class_Variant>`, indent\: :ref:`String<class_String>` = "", sort_keys\: :ref:`bool<class_bool>` = true, full_precision\: :ref:`bool<class_bool>` = false\ ) |static| |
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+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| :ref:`Variant<class_Variant>` | :ref:`to_native<class_JSON_method_to_native>`\ (\ json\: :ref:`Variant<class_Variant>`, allow_objects\: :ref:`bool<class_bool>` = false\ ) |static| |
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+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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.. rst-class:: classref-section-separator
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----
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.. rst-class:: classref-descriptions-group
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屬性說明
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--------
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.. _class_JSON_property_data:
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.. rst-class:: classref-property
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:ref:`Variant<class_Variant>` **data** = ``null`` :ref:`🔗<class_JSON_property_data>`
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.. rst-class:: classref-property-setget
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- |void| **set_data**\ (\ value\: :ref:`Variant<class_Variant>`\ )
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- :ref:`Variant<class_Variant>` **get_data**\ (\ )
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包含解析到的 JSON 資料，型別為 :ref:`Variant<class_Variant>`\ 。
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.. rst-class:: classref-section-separator
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----
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.. rst-class:: classref-descriptions-group
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方法說明
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--------
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.. _class_JSON_method_from_native:
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.. rst-class:: classref-method
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:ref:`Variant<class_Variant>` **from_native**\ (\ variant\: :ref:`Variant<class_Variant>`, full_objects\: :ref:`bool<class_bool>` = false\ ) |static| :ref:`🔗<class_JSON_method_from_native>`
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Converts a native engine type to a JSON-compliant value.
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By default, objects are ignored for security reasons, unless ``full_objects`` is ``true``.
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You can convert a native value to a JSON string like this:
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::
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func encode_data(value, full_objects = false):
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return JSON.stringify(JSON.from_native(value, full_objects))
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. _class_JSON_method_get_error_line:
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.. rst-class:: classref-method
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:ref:`int<class_int>` **get_error_line**\ (\ ) |const| :ref:`🔗<class_JSON_method_get_error_line>`
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如果上一次呼叫 :ref:`parse()<class_JSON_method_parse>` 成功，則返回 ``0``\ ，否則返回解析失敗的行號。
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. _class_JSON_method_get_error_message:
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.. rst-class:: classref-method
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:ref:`String<class_String>` **get_error_message**\ (\ ) |const| :ref:`🔗<class_JSON_method_get_error_message>`
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如果上一次呼叫 :ref:`parse()<class_JSON_method_parse>` 成功，則返回空字串，否則返回失敗時的錯誤消息。
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. _class_JSON_method_get_parsed_text:
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.. rst-class:: classref-method
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:ref:`String<class_String>` **get_parsed_text**\ (\ ) |const| :ref:`🔗<class_JSON_method_get_parsed_text>`
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Return the text parsed by :ref:`parse()<class_JSON_method_parse>` (requires passing ``keep_text`` to :ref:`parse()<class_JSON_method_parse>`).
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. _class_JSON_method_parse:
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.. rst-class:: classref-method
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:ref:`Error<enum_@GlobalScope_Error>` **parse**\ (\ json_text\: :ref:`String<class_String>`, keep_text\: :ref:`bool<class_bool>` = false\ ) :ref:`🔗<class_JSON_method_parse>`
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Attempts to parse the ``json_text`` provided.
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Returns an :ref:`Error<enum_@GlobalScope_Error>`. If the parse was successful, it returns :ref:`@GlobalScope.OK<class_@GlobalScope_constant_OK>` and the result can be retrieved using :ref:`data<class_JSON_property_data>`. If unsuccessful, use :ref:`get_error_line()<class_JSON_method_get_error_line>` and :ref:`get_error_message()<class_JSON_method_get_error_message>` to identify the source of the failure.
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Non-static variant of :ref:`parse_string()<class_JSON_method_parse_string>`, if you want custom error handling.
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The optional ``keep_text`` argument instructs the parser to keep a copy of the original text. This text can be obtained later by using the :ref:`get_parsed_text()<class_JSON_method_get_parsed_text>` function and is used when saving the resource (instead of generating new text from :ref:`data<class_JSON_property_data>`).
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. _class_JSON_method_parse_string:
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.. rst-class:: classref-method
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:ref:`Variant<class_Variant>` **parse_string**\ (\ json_string\: :ref:`String<class_String>`\ ) |static| :ref:`🔗<class_JSON_method_parse_string>`
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試圖解析提供的 ``json_string``\ ，並返回解析後的資料。如果解析失敗，返回 ``null``\ 。
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. _class_JSON_method_stringify:
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.. rst-class:: classref-method
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:ref:`String<class_String>` **stringify**\ (\ data\: :ref:`Variant<class_Variant>`, indent\: :ref:`String<class_String>` = "", sort_keys\: :ref:`bool<class_bool>` = true, full_precision\: :ref:`bool<class_bool>` = false\ ) |static| :ref:`🔗<class_JSON_method_stringify>`
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Converts a :ref:`Variant<class_Variant>` var to JSON text and returns the result. Useful for serializing data to store or send over the network.
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\ **Note:** The JSON specification does not define integer or float types, but only a *number* type. Therefore, converting a Variant to JSON text will convert all numerical values to :ref:`float<class_float>` types.
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\ **Note:** If ``full_precision`` is ``true``, when stringifying floats, the unreliable digits are stringified in addition to the reliable digits to guarantee exact decoding.
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The ``indent`` parameter controls if and how something is indented; its contents will be used where there should be an indent in the output. Even spaces like ``" "`` will work. ``\t`` and ``\n`` can also be used for a tab indent, or to make a newline for each indent respectively.
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\ **Warning:** Non-finite numbers are not supported in JSON. Any occurrences of :ref:`@GDScript.INF<class_@GDScript_constant_INF>` will be replaced with ``1e99999``, and negative :ref:`@GDScript.INF<class_@GDScript_constant_INF>` will be replaced with ``-1e99999``, but they will be interpreted correctly as infinity by most JSON parsers. :ref:`@GDScript.NAN<class_@GDScript_constant_NAN>` will be replaced with ``null``, and it will not be interpreted as NaN in JSON parsers. If you expect non-finite numbers, consider passing your data through :ref:`from_native()<class_JSON_method_from_native>` first.
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\ **Example output:**\
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::
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## JSON.stringify(my_dictionary)
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{"name":"my_dictionary","version":"1.0.0","entities":[{"name":"entity_0","value":"value_0"},{"name":"entity_1","value":"value_1"}]}
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## JSON.stringify(my_dictionary, "\t")
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{
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"name": "my_dictionary",
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"version": "1.0.0",
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"entities": [
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{
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"name": "entity_0",
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"value": "value_0"
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},
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{
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"name": "entity_1",
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"value": "value_1"
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}
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]
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}
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## JSON.stringify(my_dictionary, "...")
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{
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..."name": "my_dictionary",
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..."version": "1.0.0",
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..."entities": [
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......{
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........."name": "entity_0",
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........."value": "value_0"
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......},
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......{
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........."name": "entity_1",
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........."value": "value_1"
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......}
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...]
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}
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.. rst-class:: classref-item-separator
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----
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.. _class_JSON_method_to_native:
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.. rst-class:: classref-method
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:ref:`Variant<class_Variant>` **to_native**\ (\ json\: :ref:`Variant<class_Variant>`, allow_objects\: :ref:`bool<class_bool>` = false\ ) |static| :ref:`🔗<class_JSON_method_to_native>`
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Converts a JSON-compliant value that was created with :ref:`from_native()<class_JSON_method_from_native>` back to native engine types.
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By default, objects are ignored for security reasons, unless ``allow_objects`` is ``true``.
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You can convert a JSON string back to a native value like this:
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::
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func decode_data(string, allow_objects = false):
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return JSON.to_native(JSON.parse_string(string), allow_objects)
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.. |virtual| replace:: :abbr:`virtual (本方法通常需要使用者覆寫才能生效。)`
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.. |required| replace:: :abbr:`required (This method is required to be overridden when extending its base class.)`
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.. |const| replace:: :abbr:`const (本方法沒有副作用。不會修改該實例的任何成員變數。)`
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.. |vararg| replace:: :abbr:`vararg (本方法除了這裡描述的參數外，還可以接受任意數量的參數。)`
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.. |constructor| replace:: :abbr:`constructor (本方法用於建構一個型別。)`
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.. |static| replace:: :abbr:`static (本方法無需實例即可呼叫，因此可以直接使用類別名稱呼叫。)`
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.. |operator| replace:: :abbr:`operator (本方法描述將本型別作為左運算元時可用的有效運算子。)`
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.. |bitfield| replace:: :abbr:`BitField (此值是由下列旗標組成的位元遮罩整數。)`
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.. |void| replace:: :abbr:`void (無回傳值。)`
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