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<h1>Lua Classes</h1>
<p>Let's start with an analogy. Imagine you want to make star-shaped cookies. You could of course, manually cut the baked cookie and then be left with a mess, or you could use a cookie cutter before baking it. In this analogy, the cookie is an object, the manual cutting method is using tables, and the cookie cutter is a class.</p>
<p>Before explaining what an object is, let's first take a look at how you even make a class.</p>
<p>To create a class, you first call the <code>class()</code> function like this:</p>
<div class="codehilite">
<pre><span></span><code><span class="n">my_class</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">class</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1">-- Creates a class creator</span>
</code></pre>
</div>
<p><code>my_class</code> becomes a class creator. You can think of it like a bowl of ingredients which you can add to by simply setting the values of it.</p>
<div class="codehilite">
<pre><span></span><code><span class="n">my_class</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">class</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1">-- Creates a class creator</span>
<span class="n">my_class</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MyVar</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">50.0</span> <span class="c1">-- Creates a variable inside the class</span>
<span class="kr">function</span> <span class="nc">my_class</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">MyFunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">-- Creates a function inside the class</span>
<span class="kr">return</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MyVar</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">a</span>
<span class="kr">end</span>
</code></pre>
</div>
<p>Once you are done with defining your class, you call the <code>finish()</code> function like this:</p>
<div class="codehilite">
<pre><span></span><code><span class="n">finish</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">my_class</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">-- Finishes the class</span>
</code></pre>
</div>
<p><code>my_class</code> will turn into a normal class where you cannot add any more variables or functions to it. In other words, <code>my_class</code> will get "baked" and you cannot add any more ingredients to it.</p>
<p>The <code>class()</code> function accepts another class as a parameter which will "inherit" the other class.</p>
<p>In simple terms, every function and variable from the other class, will be copied into yours, without having to specify them all over again.</p>
<div class="codehilite">
<pre><span></span><code><span class="n">another_class</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">class</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">my_class</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">-- Inherits from my_class</span>
<span class="n">another_class</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MyVar</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">20.0</span> <span class="c1">-- Changes the existing variable</span>
<span class="kr">function</span> <span class="nc">another_class</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">NewFunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">-- Makes a new function</span>
<span class="kr">return</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MyVar</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">b</span>
<span class="kr">end</span>
<span class="n">finish</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">another_class</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">-- Finishes it</span>
</code></pre>
</div>
<p>We can now move on to objects.</p>
<hr />
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