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<li class="sidebar"><a href="/wiki/QScript/Contributing/Rundown/QScriptRundown1.html">QScript Rundown Page 1</a></li>
<li class="sidebar"><a href="/wiki/QScript/Contributing/Rundown/QScriptRundown2.html">QScript Rundown Page 2</a></li>
<li class="sidebar"><b>QScript Rundown Page 3</b></li>
<li class="sidebar"><a href="/wiki/QScript/Contributing/Rundown/QScriptRundown4.html">QScript Rundown Page 4</a></li>
<li class="sidebar"><a href="/wiki/QScript/Contributing/Rundown/QScriptRundown5.html">QScript Rundown Page 5</a></li>
<li class="sidebar"><a href="/wiki/QScript/Contributing/Rundown/QScriptRundown6.html">QScript Rundown Page 6</a></li>
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<li class="sidebar"><a href="/wiki/QScript/Lua/Intro.html">Lua Intro</a></li>
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<h1>QScript Rundown Page 3</h1>
<p>Lets talk about <code>QObject</code>s.</p>
<p>A full <code>QObject</code> structure looks like this:</p>
<div class="codehilite">
<pre><span></span><code><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">QObject</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">QClass</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cls</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">union</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">QValue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vars</span><span class="p">[];</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
</code></pre>
</div>
<p>The structure is pretty complex.</p>
<p>Lets try to understand it piece by piece.</p>
<p>A <code>QObject</code> contains a pointer to a <code>QClass</code>. The <code>QClass</code> pointer is shared by <code>QObject</code>s which use the same class.<br />
The QObject also contains a list of <a href="/wiki/QScript/Contributing/API/Structs/QValue.html">QValues</a> which are the individual unique variables of the QObject.</p>
<hr />
<div class="codehilite">
<pre><span></span><code><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">QClass</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vars_count</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">QVar</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vars</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">methods_count</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">QFunction</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">methods</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sigs_count</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">QInterface</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sigs</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
</code></pre>
</div>
<p>Let's go one level deeper and this is where we start to branch out. We will tackle <code>QVar* vars</code> first.</p>
<hr />
<div class="codehilite">
<pre><span></span><code><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">QVar</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">QType</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">type</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">is_private</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">union</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">QValue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">defaultval</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
</code></pre>
</div>
<p><code>QVar</code> is basically a definition of a variable in a class. It stores the name, type, default value, etc. The <code>size</code> is used to determine the initial size of the string if the <code>type</code> is a <code>QType_String</code></p>
<p>A <code>QClass</code> will store a pointer to a list of these, along with the amount. They are in fact, used as a reference to the <code>QValue vars[]</code> which are a 1:1 representation of the <code>QVar* vars*</code> in the class. In other words, an index in the <code>QVar* vars*</code> array in the <code>QClass</code> corresponds to the value in <code>QValue vars[]</code> in the QObject.</p>
<hr />
<div class="codehilite">
<pre><span></span><code><span class="k">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">QFunctionType</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QFunction_Native</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QFunction_Scripting</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QFunction_Module</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QFunction_Void</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
<span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">QFunction</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">always_zero</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">QFunctionType</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">type</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">union</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QCFunc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_native</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QCallback</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_scripting</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QModuleFunction</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_module</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_void</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
</code></pre>
</div>
<p><code>QFunction</code> is more of a wrapper around multiple types of functions. The each slot in the union has a corresponding <code>QFunctionType</code>. But what you might notice is the <code>always_zero</code> variable. Why is it there?</p>
<p>There is this quirk with scripting languages where they will write their entire scripting base libraries in their own C api, and then pass these base library functions as a normal pointer to the language. Which basically means that they will treat every C function as a regular function pointer and not a struct. Function pointers have a very special tendency to not be 0 (DUH).<br />
We can take advantage of that by first checking if the <code>QFunction</code> <code>always_zero</code> is 0, and if its not, we just CALL the QFunction pointer directly. But if it is 0, we can be 99.9% sure that it is actually a <code>QFunction</code> struct and we can treat it as such.</p>
<hr />
<div class="codehilite">
<pre><span></span><code><span class="k">typedef</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">QType</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">types</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QParams</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">typedef</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">names</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">QParams</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QInterface</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre>
</div>
<p>A <code>QInterface</code> is a list of function declarations. Not definitions. A <code>QInterface</code> only stores the name, and arguments of each function. The actual implementation is up to the <code>QClass</code>.</p>
<p>When a <code>QClass</code> inherits from another <code>QClass</code>, it creates a new <code>QInterface</code> the parent <code>QInterface</code> <strong>pointers</strong> get copied into the interface array before the new one. Not the <code>QInterface</code>s themselves. This saves on memory.</p>
<p>We plan on adding actual interface functionality to the scripting languages, showing off to functional scripting language developers what modern OOP languages can do.</p>
<hr />
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